 | | In recent years, the transport simulation of large road networks has become far more rapid and detailed, and many exciting developments in this field have emerged. In this perspective, the authors describe the simulation of automobile, pedestrian and rail traffic, coupled to new applications, such as the embedding of traffic simulation into driving simulators, to give a more realistic environment of driver behavior surrounding the subject vehicle. New approaches to traffic simulation are described, including the hybrid mesoscopic-microscopic model and floor-field agent-based simulation. The book has been written by an invited panel of experts, thus covering the relevant sub-disciplines, and is addresed to students, engineers, and scholars, as well as those who require a state-of-the-art overview of traffic simulation today. Students, engineers and scholars, as well as those who require a state-of-the-art overview of trafic simulation today. Preface - About the authors - Macroscopic to vehicle-embedded microscopic simulation - The role of macroscopic modeling in the simulation, surveillance and control of motorway network traffic - Hybrid traffic simulation models: vehicle loading at meso-micro boundaries - Simulation of vehicles in a driving simulator using microscopic traffic simulation - Lane changing - Integrated lane-changing models - Traffic simulation of a rural 2 + 1 highway in Hokkaido - Mechanical restriction Vs. Human overreaction: the modeling of synchronized two lane traffic - People centered and rail simulation - Pedestrian simulation taking into account stochastic route choice and multidirectional flow - F.A.S.T.-Floor field and agent based simulation tool - Incorporating pattern-matching into data oriented activity simulation using probe person systems - Simulation of urban rail operations: models and calibration methodology - Simulation application - Traffic simulation for an expressway toll plaza based on successive vehicle tracking data - Time dependent origin-destination estimation without assignement matrices |  |  |
|  |  | | With the challenges our society faces concerning energy and the environment, it is particularly vital to develop a more rational use of our resources, both renewable and non-renewable. A sustainable use of the available resources is only possible if engineers can rely on coherent indicators, among which the exergy efficiency is bound to play a major role. |
  | | Photovoltaic technology has now developed to the extent that it is close to fulfilling the vision of a solar-energy world, as devices based on this technology are becoming efficient, low-cost and durable. This book provides a comprehensive treatment of thin-film silicon, the most prevalent PV material, in terms of its semiconductor nature, starting out with the physical properties, but concentrating on device applications. |
  | | Solidication is one of the oldest processes for producing complex shapes for applications ranging from art to industry, and it remains as one of the most important commercial processes for many materials. Since the 1980's, numerous fundamental developments in the understanding of solidication processes and microstructure formation have come from both analytical theories and the application of computational techniques using commonly available powerful computers. |
 |